Two-liquid feeding device for combustion chambers



May 1, 1951 R. H. GODDARD 2,551,114

TWO-LIQUID FEEDING DEVICE FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS Filed March 24, 1948INVENTOR.

Eatfiaz G. Goddaza, QBGZLW.

W ATTORNEY Iatented May 1, 1951 I UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE TWO-LIQUID.DEVICE FOR Robert H. Goddard, deceased, late of Annapolis, Md., byEsther -C. Goddard, executrix, Worcester, Mass, assignor of one-half toThe Daniel and Florence Guggenheim Foundation, New

York, N. Y., a Corporation of New York Application March 24, 1948,Serial No. 16,867

This invention relates to combustion chambers.

as used in propulsion apparatus. The present invention relatesparticularly to combustion chambers in which two combustion liquids, asgasoline and liquid oxygen, are intermingled and consumed. s

It is the general object of the present invention to provide an improvedfeeding device for such a combustion chamberthrough which .two'

member.

The invention further relates to arrangements and combinations of partswhich will be hereinafter described and more particularly pointed out inthe appended claims.

Preferred forms of the invention are shown in the drawing, in which IFig. 1 is a sectional side elevation showing one form of the improvedfeeding device; and

Figs. 2 and 3 are views similar to Fig. 1 but showing modifiedconstructions.

Referring to Fig. 1, a two-liquid feeding device D is shown as mountedaxially in a combustion chamber C. The device D comprises an inner pipeor tube It] supporting a pointed or conical porous member l2 in itsinner end. The member I 2 is of rigid and heat-resistant material and-ispreferably formed of porous or sintered metal.

One combustion liquid, as gasoline, is supplied under pressure to thepipe or tube In and is forced through the porous member |2 in the formof a very fine mist or spray.

3 Claims. (01. 60-44) timately. intermingled An annular passage P isprovided between an outer tubular member 4 and inner tubular member IS.The projecting ends of the annular members l4 and i5 are inwardlydisplaced to provide annular flanges l6 and H which are positioned todefine an annular port I 8. The pipe I0 and tubular members I4 and areheld in spaced relation by axially extending vanes or partitions and 2|.

A second combustion liquid, as liquid oxygen, is supplied under pressureto the passage P and is delivered through the slot -|8 and against theouter surface of the member l2 as an annular sheet or spray. The liquidoxygen forms a thin film along said outer-surface and becomes inwith themist or. spray of gasoline. This film of oxygen not only mixeseffectively with the gasoline but also acts as a cooling agent for theouter surface of the member I2.

As the surface area of the member I2 is reduced toward the axis thereof,the film of oxygen tends to become thicker, as it is concentrated. in asmaller area. For this reason, it is desirable that the porosity of ,themember I2 be increased toward its axis to maintain the desired ratiobetween the two combustion liquids.

In Fig. 2, one combustion liquid, as gasoline, is fed under pressurethrough a pipe to a recess R within its enlarged end portion 3i, and isforced against the inner surface of a porous or permeable member 32,clamped in the enlarged pipe portion 3|. The member 32 is cupshaped, asshown in Fig. 2, but with an outwardly projecting conical axial portion32a.

The second combustion liquid, as liquid oxygen, is supplied underpressure through a passage P between an outer casing or wall 34 and aninner casing 35. The projecting ends of the case ings 34 and areinwardly offset and reversely curved to provide an annular slot 31through which the liquid oxygen is sprayed against the adjacent surfaceof the porous member 32 and forms a cooling film thereon, as well asmixing With the gasoline spray or mist. I

In this construction also the axial portion 32a of the member 32 ispreferably made more porous to offset its decreased surface area. Theparts 3 I, 34 and 35 are held in spaced relation by vanes or partitions38 and39 and the whole device is mounted in a combustion chamber C. Theparts 3|, 34 and 35 may be made in two parts to facilitate assembly.

In the construction shown in Fig. 3, gasoline under pressure is suppliedto an axially positioned pipe 40 having an inner partition structure 4|which is outwardly extended at 42 to support a cap 44. An annularconical porous member 45 is fixed between the end of the pipe 40 and thecontracted flange 46 of the cap 44. The porous member 45 is alsosupported by the outer portions 42 of the partition structure 4|. Thegasoline enters recesses R between the parts 42 and is forced throughthe porous member 45 as a mist or fine spray.

A second combustion liquid, as liquid oxygen, is supplied through anannular passage P2 formed between an outer tube 50 and an inner tube 5|.The outer tube 50 is inwardly contracted at 52 to provide an annularfeed. slot 53 at the 3 end of the tube 5|. The parts 40, 5D and 5| areheld in spaced relation by vanes or partitions 55 and 56 and the wholedevice is mounted in an axial opening in a combustion chamber C2.

With this construction, an annular spray, such as liquid oxygen, isdirected against the outer surface of the porous member 45 at itssmaller diameter and spreads outward against the ex.- panding andsubstantially conical surface thereof, while a mist or fine sprayofthesecond combustion liquid, as gasoline, is forced through the porousmember 45 and intermingles with the spray of liquid oxygen.

In this form of the invention, the area of the member 65 increasesoutwardly, and the porosity of said member may be correspondinglyreduced outwardly to supply relatively less gasoline as'the film ofliquid oxygen becomes thinner.

In all three forms of the invention, a very effective interminging ofitwo combustion liquids is efiected andthe exposed surfaces of thefeeding' devices are all. adequately liquid cooled.

. Having thus dscribed the invention and the advantages thereof, it willbe understood that the invention is not to be limited to the detailsherein disclosed, otherwise than as set forth in the claims, but whatisclaimed is:

1. In a two-liquid; feeding device for a combustionchamber comprising anaxial porous feeding' member, means to force. one combustion liquidthrough said porous member to issue as a fine mist at its outer surfaceand annular means to supply a converging film of a second combustionliquidto the outer surface of said porous member at its periphery forintermingling with said fine mist of said first combustion liquid, thatimprovement. which comprises a porous member which is cup-shaped andoutwardly concave and which has an axial raised projection.

2. The combination in a two-liquid feeding device for a combustionchamber as set forth in claim 1, in which the annular means directs thesecond combustionv liquid against said porous member in a reversedirection and away from the discharge end of said chamber and toward theaxis of. said member.

3; The combination in a two-liquid feeding device for a combustionchamber as set forth in claim 1, in which the porosity of said feedingmember is increased towards its axis.

ESTHER C. GODDARD. Emecutria: of the Last Will and Testament of RobertH. Goddard, Deceased.

REFERENCES. CITED UNITED STATES PATENTS Name Date Hanson Mar. 25, 1947Number.

